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Parashat Ki Tisa (Shabbat Parah)
March 6, 2010 – 20 Adar 5770
Annual (Ex. 30:11-34:35): Etz Hayim p. 523; Hertz p. 352
Triennial (Ex. 33:12-34:35): Etz Hayim p. 538; Hertz p. 363
Maftir (Num. 19:1-22): Etz Hayim p. 880; Hertz p. 652
Haftarah (Ezekiel 36:16-36:36 [S] or 36:38 [A]: Etz Hayim p. 1287; Hertz
p. 999
Torah Portion Summary
God instructs Moses to take a census of adult men; the count is to be
conducted by requiring each one to contribute half a shekel. The
instructions for making the bronze basin, the anointing oil, and the
incense are given. Bezalel is named to head the construction of the
Mishkan and its furnishings, with Oholiav as his assistant. God tells
Moses to remind the people of the importance of keeping Shabbat and then
gives him the tablets inscribed with the Ten Statements.
While Moses is on the mountain the people
despair, sure that he will not return. They demand that Aaron “make us a
god who shall go before us.” Aaron fashions the Golden Calf and the next
day the people offer sacrifices and rise to dance before it. God tells
Moses what is happening in the camp. Moses pleads with God to restrain
His anger and descends the mountain. When Moses sees what the people are
doing, he angrily shatters the tablets. He destroys the calf and 3000 of
its worshipers are put to death. Moses returns to Mount Sinai and
intercedes with God to save the people.
God tells Moses to lead the people to the
land He has promised, but that God will no longer go in their midst.
Moses steps forward on behalf of the people and God relents. Moses asks
to see God, but God refuses, saying, “man may not see Me and live.”
Moses ascends Mount Sinai a third time and receives the revelation of
God’s Thirteen Attributes. After forty days, Moses descends the mountain
with the second set of tablets.
1.
The Human Face of God
But,” He said, “you cannot see My face, for man may not see Me and
live.” And the Lord said, “See, there is a place near Me. Station
yourself on the rock and as My Presence passes by, I will put you in a
cleft of the rock and shield you with My hand until I have passed by.
Then I will take My hand away and you will see My back; but My face must
not be seen.” (Exodus 33:20-23)
A. The second answer [to how we can
talk about God] is to concede that although we cannot know God’s
essence, we must still speak of God, all the while fully realizing
that everything we say about God is only marginally accurate,
partial, impressionistic, imaginative, and intrinsically subjective.
These characterizations become utterly false and idolatrous if and
when we understand them to be literally true, objective, and
accurate. We have no photographs of God.” (Rabbi Neil Gillman, The
Way Into Encountering God in Judaism, p.6)
B. “Then I will take My hand away and you will see My back,” Rabbi
Hanna bar Bizna said in the name of Rabbi Shimon the Chasid: This
teaches that the Holy Blessed One showed Moses the knot of His
tefillin. (Talmud Berakhot 7a)
C. Rabbi Avin bar Rav Aha said in the name of Rabbi Yitzhak: How do
we know that the Holy Blessed One puts on tefillin? Because it is
written (Isaiah 62:8): “The Lord has sworn by His right hand, by His
mighty arm.” “His right hand” – this is the Torah, for it is written
(Devarim 33:2), “At His right hand was a fiery law to them;” “His
mighty arm” – this is tefillin, for it is written (Tehillim 29:11),
“May the Lord grant strength to His people.” And how do we know that
tefillin are a strength to Israel? Because it is written (Devarim
28:10): “And all the peoples of the earth shall see that the Lord’s
name is proclaimed over you, and they shall stand in fear of you.”
Rabbi Eliezer the Great says, these are the tefillin of the head.
Rav Nahman bar Yitzhak said to Rav Hiyya bar Avin, “These tefillin
of the Master of the Universe, what is written in them?” He said to
him (I Chronicles 17:21): “And who is like Your people Israel, a
unique nation on earth.” And does the Holy Blessed One sing the
praises of Israel? Yes, for it is written (Devarim 26:17-18): “You
have affirmed this day that the Lord is your God... And the Lord has
affirmed this day that you are His treasured people.” The Holy
Blessed One said to Israel, “You have made Me a unique entity in the
world and I will make you a unique entity in the world.” “You have
made Me a unique entity in the world,” for it is written (Devarim
6:4): “Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord alone,” and “I
will make you a unique entity in the world,” for it is written: “And
who is like Your people Israel, a unique nation on earth.” (Talmud
Berakhot 6a)
D. Rabbi Yohanan said: If it were not written in the Torah it would
be impossible to say it, for it teaches that the Holy Blessed One
wrapped Himself [in a tallit] like a shaliach tzibur and showed
Moses the order of prayer. He said to him, “Whenever Israel sins,
let them pray to Me in this way and I will forgive them: ‘The Lord,
the Lord...’” (Talmud Rosh Hashanah 17b)
E. Rabbi Yohanan said in the name of Rabbi Yose: How do we know that
the Holy Blessed One prays? Because it is written (Isaiah 56:7): “I
will bring them to My sacred mount and let them rejoice in My house
of prayer (beit tefilati.)” “Their prayer” is not said, but “My
prayer;” from here we learn that the Holy Blessed One prays. What
does He pray? Rav Zutra bar Tuvia said in the name of Rav: “May it
be My will before Me that My mercy will suppress My anger, and that
My mercy will overcome My [other] attributes so that I may deal with
My children by the attribute of mercy and go beyond the requirements
of strict justice.” (Talmud Berakhot 7a)
Sparks for Discussion
Rabbi Gillman teaches that if we are to talk about God, we must speak in
metaphors. In the passages from the Talmud, the rabbis created a God who
is not only very human but is a religious Jew, praying in tallit and
tefillin. How to you react to this image? Do you find it comforting or
disturbing? What is your image of God?
2.
Rise and Shine
So Moses came down from Mount Sinai. And as Moses came down from the
mountain bearing the two tablets of the Pact, Moses was not aware that
the skin of his face was radiant, since he had spoken to Him. (Exodus
34:29)
A. Coming out of the fiery top of the
mountain, and back from his once-in-human-history encounter with
God, Moses is transformed in some way. (Richard Elliot Friedman,
Commentary on the Torah)
B. The verb karan is related to the word keren, “horn,” for the
light radiated from his face in hornlike rays. And where did Moses
get these rays of majesty? Our sages say he got them from the cave
when the Holy Blessed One put His hand over his face, as it is said,
“I will . . . shield you with My hand” (Shemot 33:22). (Rashi (Rabbi
Shlomo Yitzhaki), 1040-1105, France)
C. Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: The Torah given to Moses was
written with black fire upon white fire, sealed with fire, and
swathed with bands of fire. While writing it, Moses wiped off the
reed on his hair – thus he received the radiance that was to emanate
from his countenance. (Jerusalem Talmud Shekalim 6:1)
D. A widespread medievalimage of the Jew was based upon a
misinterpretation of the Hebrew Bible. Moses was oftendepicted with
two horns on his head as a result of the Latin misrendering of the
verb “sent forth beams” (karan) in Exodus 34:35 as “grew horns.” (A
horn is a keren.) This image, which was widely portrayed in art of
the Middle Ages by artists including Michelangelo and Donatello in
Italy, led to the widespread notion that all Jews had devilish
horns. (Ophir Yarden, “Anti-Semitic Perceptions of the Jewish Body,”
MyJewishLearning.com)
Sparks for Discussion
Moses’ encounter with God produced a physical transformation. Many more
people have been transformed spiritually by encounters with God. Have
you experienced such a transformation? What has spurred and sustained
your Jewish journey?
A bad translation led to the depiction of
Moses with horns. From there it was a small step to the claim of
anti-Semites that all Jews were somehow in league with the devil.
However, not all negative stereotypes are the work of anti-Semites. How
often do you hear fellow Jews talking about JAPs; guilt-wielding Jewish
mothers; nebbishy, physically inept Jewish men, or the fanatics and/or
heretics who belong other shuls and movements? Are such conversations
harmless as long as we keep them among ourselves? How can we learn to
stop tearing each other down? |